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What are the types of reciprocating pumps?

Author

Olivia House

Published Mar 13, 2026

What are the types of reciprocating pumps?

The three classes of reciprocating pumps are piston, plunger, and diaphragm. Piston pumps generally are used where medium to high delivery pressures are required, such as for a high-pressure flushing of vessel interiors and tanks. These can be obtained in multicylinder form and can be single or double acting.

Simply so, what are the different types of pump?

Pumps can be classified by their method of displacement into positive-displacement pumps, impulse pumps, velocity pumps, gravity pumps, steam pumps and valveless pumps. There are three basic types of pumps: positive-displacement, centrifugal and axial-flow pumps.

One may also ask, what are reciprocating pumps used for? Reciprocating Pumps are positive displacement machines typically used for low-flow, high-pressure operations. ANSI and the Hydraulic Institute categorize reciprocating pumps by four types. Both pistons and diaphragms are used to provide pumping action while valves regulate flow into and out of the pump body.

Also to know, what are the types of rotary pumps?

Types of Rotary Pumps

  • Flexible member – Flexing vanes are used to move media.
  • Peristaltic – A flexible tube inside a circular casing is usually used, although there are linear peristaltic pumps.
  • Piston – These are usually multiple rotor pumps but can be single.
  • Screw – A screw or screws are turned to move media.

Is a pump jack a type of reciprocating pump?

Pumpjack (also known as donkey pumper, oil horse, pumping unit, nodding donkey, horsehead pump, beam pump, rocking horse, dinosaur, Big Texan, grasshopper pump, jack pump or thirsty birds) is overground drive for reciprocating the piston pump in oil well.

What are the two main categories of pumps?

Pumps are divided into 2 major categories: Dynamic and Positive Displacement (aka Displacement).

What are the two main types of water pumps?

The two most common types of pumps used for pumping water are centrifugal pumps and positive displacement pumps.

Which water pump is best for home use?

Best Water Pumps for Domestic Use in India:
  1. Havells Hi-Flow MX2 Series 0.5 HP Centrifugal Water Pump.
  2. Havells Hi-Flow MX2 Series 0.5 HP Centrifugal Water Pump.
  3. Kirloskar 40S Mini Water Pump.
  4. Crompton 0.5HP SP Aquagold 50 Water Pump.
  5. Kirloskar KOSi-135 5 Star HP Openwell Submersible Pump.

Which pump is more efficient?

Although, positive displacement pumps are generally more efficient than centrifugal pumps, the benefit of higher efficiency tends to be offset by increased maintenance costs. Since, worldwide, centrifugal pumps account for the majority of electricity used by pumps, the focus of this chapter is on centrifugal pump.

What is the difference between motor and pump?

Difference between Pump and Motor The main difference between motor and pump is that a motor is a device that converts electricity to mechanical energy which results in motion, whereas a pump is a device that is used to transfer a fluid from one place to another.

What is pump duty?

Pump operating point or duty point is the intersection of pump characteristic and piping system characteristic. The pump will always operate where the system and pump curves intersect. At that point, there is a balance between what the system demands and what the pump can deliver.

Which pump is used for crude oil?

Centrifugal pumps

Which pump is used for high head?

It is clear that PDP are used when we need high outlet pressure and dynamic pumps are used when we need high discharge. Based on this, and many other issues, there are specific applications where reciprocating pumps can be used.

What is meant by NPSH?

NPSH stands for Net Positive Suction Head and is a measure of the pressure experienced by a fluid on the suction side of a centrifugal pump.

What is difference between centrifugal pump and rotary pump?

Centrifugal pumps differ from rotary pumps in that they rely on kinetic energy rather than mechanical means to move liquid. Liquid is forced out of the pump by the energy it obtains from the rotating impeller.

What are rotary pumps used for?

Rotary pumps are commonly used for pumping high viscosity liquids such as oil including in handling lube oil and fuel oil in engine rooms. They are typically classified based on the type of rotating element they utilise.

What are the different types of centrifugal pumps?

What are the main applications for centrifugal pumps?
Type of centrifugal pumpApplication
Chopper/grinder pumpWaste water in industrial, chemical and food processing/ sewage
Circulator pumpHeating, ventilation and air conditioning
Multistage pumpHigh pressure applications
Cryogenic pumpLiquid natural gas, coolants

What are rotary pumps give examples?

Defining Rotary Types

Some of the common examples are: internal gear, screw pump, flexible or sliding vane, flexible impeller, circumferential pump, helical twisted roots, etc.

Which pump does not need priming?

Priming is not required when pump is submerged (Submersible or Vertical Sump Pumps). Priming is not required when the pump is at a lower elevation than the supply and this ensures that pump suction will be completely filled with liquid at all times (known as “Flooded Suction Condition”). Self Priming Pumps.

How rotary pumps work?

Rotary vane pump working principle

When the rotor turns the centrifugal force throws the vanes against the cylindrical wall and creates a chamber between the rotor and the cylinder. As the rotor continues to turn the chamber volume between the blades keep changing due to the rotor positioned eccentrically.

What is a pump rotor?

An impeller or impellor is a rotor used to increase the pressure and flow of a fluid. It is the opposite of a turbine, which extracts energy from, and reduces the pressure of, a flowing fluid.

What is the difference between centrifugal and reciprocating pump?

The reciprocating pump provides a nearly constant flow rate over a wider range of pressure; the centrifugal pump gives uniform pressure over a range of flow, then it drops dramatically as the flow rate increases. On a reciprocating pump, fluid viscosity has little effect on the flow rate as the pressure increases.

What is the principle of reciprocating pump?

Reciprocating Pump is a Positive Displacement type pump that works on the principle of movement of the piston in forwarding and backward directions whereas the Centrifugal pump uses the kinetic energy of the impeller to supply the liquid from one place to another place.

What are the main parts of reciprocating pump?

The main components of reciprocating pump are as follows:
  • Suction Pipe.
  • Suction Valve.
  • Delivery Pipe.
  • Delivery Valve.
  • Cylinder.
  • Piston and Piston Rod.
  • Crank and Connecting Rod.
  • Strainer.

What are the advantages of centrifugal pump over reciprocating pump?

Advantages of Centrifugal pump over Displacement (Reciprocating) pump
  • Because of fewer parts centrifugal pump have less cost than reciprocating pump.
  • Also because of fewer parts installation and maintenance are easier and cheaper as compared to reciprocating pump.

How do you start a reciprocating pump?

Pump Start-up Procedure
  1. Line up the pump valves.
  2. Ensure that the drain valve is closed.
  3. Open the suction valve.
  4. Open the vent valve to bleed off gases – when liquid comes from the vent valve – close it again.
  5. Open the gland-seal valve (if fitted).
  6. Commission the bearing and oil cooling systems (if fitted).

How does a reciprocating primer work?

Reciprocating primer:

These are reciprocating pumps which develop higher pressure by the direct action of the plunger on the fluid (liquid or gas) confined in a cylinder and forcing the fluid out from the discharge.

What is a major advantage of centrifugal pump?

The biggest advantage of centrifugal pumps is their aforementioned simplicity. They don't require any valves, or many moving parts. This makes them easy to produce with many different materials. It also allows them to move at high speeds with minimal maintenance.

Why reciprocating pump is called positive displacement pump?

A positive displacement pump provides a constant flow at fixed speed, regardless of changes in pressure. The pump makes the fluid move by trapping a fixed amount and forcing the volume into the discharge pipe. Examples of positive displacement pumps are: diaphragm pumps.

What is a nodding donkey?

A pump jack (also called nodding donkey, pumping unit, beam pump, or jack pump) is the above-ground drive for a reciprocating piston pump that is used to help extract the oil from the well. This arrangement is commonly used for onshore wells, which typically UKOG will be developing.

Where does the oil from a pump jack go?

A hollow chamber with a simple valve opens and fills each time the rod descends, then closes and lifts it up to the surface. Once at the surface, any water and natural gas obtained are separated from the crude oil, then pumped into holding tanks until it can be moved to the refinery.

What is beam pumping?

Beam pumping, also referred to as sucker rod pumping provides mechanical energy to lift oil from bottom-hole to surface. This pumping method is highly efficient, simple, and easy for the oil and gas people to operate on the field.

What is pump jack scaffolding?

Pump jacks are a uniquely designed scaffold consisting of a platform supported by moveable brackets on vertical poles. The brackets are designed to be raised and lowered in a manner similar to an automobile jack.

How does oil derrick work?

About Oil Derricks

The classic oil derrick pump is known colloquially as a sucker rod pump, named for the plunger-like mechanics it uses to pump oil from underground wells up to the surface. It uses a series of gears and cranks to pump a polished rod up and down an oil well in a piston-like motion, albeit much slower.

How do nodding donkey oil pumps work?

The nodding donkey has a steel hammerhead hovering over the well, bobbing up and down to create suction in the hole, aided by a rotating counterweight. The method is effective on vertical wells that go straight down, but is less so when used on horizontal ones.

How many pump jacks are in Texas?

5,000 pump jacks

How much oil does a pump jack produce per day?

Its operational process can average up to 20 strokesper minute, and each stroke can produce volumesbetween 1 and 10 gallons.

How much oil does a nodding donkey produce?

Its operational process can average up to 20 strokes per minute, and each stroke can produce volumes between 1 and 10 gallons.

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